By Judith H. Harmey
VEGF and melanoma is a complete and recent overview of present wisdom at the function of vascular endothelial development issue (VEGF) in melanoma. Key good points: -Discussion of VEGF as powerful angiogenic issue and its function in tumor angiogenesis, -Review of the biology, molecular houses and rules of VEGF, -Discussion of the function of VEGF in quite a number diversified tumor varieties, either good tumors and haematological cancers, -Review of the healing power of alternative techniques to dam VEGF, -Review of contemporary facts that during addition to its position as an endothelial mobilephone mitogen, VEGF can also be an autocrine progress issue for tumor cells, regulating survival and invasion. This ebook is aimed toward scientists new to angiogenesis and VEGF biology and offers new details for confirmed researchers and scientists. it's going to even be an invaluable textual content for clinicians attracted to anti-angiogenic treatment for remedy of human cancers.
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Example text
Hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor is markedly decreased in diabetic individuals who do not develop retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2000; 23:1375-1380. 25. Yin Z, Haynie J, Yang X et al. The essential role of Cited2, a negative regulator for HIF-1α, in heart development and neurulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99:10488-10493. 26. Makino Y, Cao R, Svensson K et al. Inhibitory PAS domain protein is a negative regulator of hypoxia-inducible gene expression. Nature 2001; 414:550-554.
Circ Res 1999; 85:247-56. Molecular Mechanisms of VEGF-Induced Angiogenesis 25 43. Gerber HP, McMurtrey A, Kowalski J et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates endothelial cell survival through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/Akt signal transduction pathway. Requirement of Flk-1/KDR activation. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:30336–30434. 44. Gerber HP, McMurtrey A, Kowalski J et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and A1 in vascular endothelial cells.
17-19 An enhancement of VEGF protein secretion in vitro was observed in the breast, melanoma and two prostate carcinoma lines overexpressing bcl-2 when grown under hypoxic conditions. It is interesting to note that, in normoxic conditions, the breast carcinoma, the melanoma and the three prostate cell lines responded differently to bcl-2 overexpression. In particular, bcl-2 overexpression caused a strong increase in VEGF secretion in the DU-145 cells, a moderate increase in VEGF secretion in PC3 cells, and had no effect on VEGF secretion in LNCaP, M14 and MCF7 ADR cells.