By Clement Henry, Ji-Hyang Jang
This well timed undertaking at the Arab Spring used to be initiated to supply The Asan Institute's personal review of the adjustments at present happening within the quarter and their major implications for South Korea.
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Extra resources for The Arab Spring: Will It Lead to Democratic Transitions?
Sample text
As Table 1 also shows, the bankers in these bully state regimes allocated sub12 Karl A. Wittfogel, Oriental Despotism: the Comparative Study of Total Power (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1957). Wittfogel presents the classic argument relating taxation to hydraulic engineering, but the extended coastal Sahel of Tunisia was also, like the Nile Valley, a relatively rich tax base. Fernand Braudel offers a somewhat different explanation in his Memory and the Mediterranean (New York: Vintage, 2002): clearing the shores and draining the swamps for agriculture required remarkable social coordination in Neolithic times.
9 The entire transitions to democracy literature connotes starting and end points, but these get blurred in the absence of intermediary bodies and at least “limited” pluralism. “Pacted” democracies characteristic of some Latin American and Southern European transitions, for instance, entail viable intermediaries representing various constituencies. 10 Rather, terms with 6 See: Eva Bellin, “Contingent Democrats: Industrialists, Labor and Democratization in Late-Developing Countries,” World Politics 52 (January 2000): 175-205; and Stalled Democracy: Capital, Labor, and the Paradox of State-Sponsored Development (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002).
Of the four, Tunisia has the likeliest prospects of successfully transitioning and Libya and Yemen the least. Whither Bahrain and Syria? Two additional countries were caught up in the maelstrom of the protest during the Arab Spring, but their democratic prospects look significantly bleaker than that of the four already discussed. In the case of Bahrain, popular protests significantly challenged the survival of the monarchy, but the hope of bringing down the old regime was extinguished by the extreme force mustered by the regime to repress the protests.