By Robert Reilly, Mark Perazella
A speedy, leading edge approach to examine the middle ideas and medical entities linked to nephrology on the aspect of care
A Doody's middle name for 2015!
Nephrology in 30 Days helps you to fast and simply reach an entire figuring out of the fundamentals of nephrology, permitting you to effectively diagnose and deal with kidney disorder and its linked issues. Designed to impart this data in exactly thirty days, this precise self-instructional instrument is ideal for clinical scholars, general practitioner assistants, clinical citizens, andnephrology fellows rotating at the scientific nephrology carrier optional. Now in complete colour, Nephrology in 30 Days is the best technique to achieve a high-quality realizing of acute and persistent kidney illnesses, disturbances of fluid and electrolyte stability, and problems of acid-base and mineral metabolism homeostasis--in the smallest amount of time possible.
Updated to incorporate the most recent learn and advances, including:
- New formulation for estimating glomerular filtration rate
- The position of WNK kinases in distal tubular sodium and potassium handling
- Revised hyponatremia guidelines
- The use of vaptans for scientific use
- Newly suggested sorts of metabolic acidosis
- The position FGF-23 and Klotho play in phosphorus homeostasis
- Concerns concerning the use of erythropoietic stimulating agents
- Approaches to and type of either continual kidney disorder and acute kidney injury
- Discussion of urinalysis and urine microscopy within the assessment of kidney disease
- New sorts of tubulointerstitial affliction equivalent to immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease
- The pathological class of systemic lupus nephritis and different glomerular diseases
- The mechanisms and motives of crucial and secondary kinds of hypertension
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Additional resources for Nephrology in 30 days
Example text
J Biol Chem. 2010;285:30363-30369. Weinberger MH. Pathophysiology of salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2006;8:166-170. CHAPTER 3 Disorders of Water Balance— Hypo and Hypernatremia • Robert F. Reilly Jr. Recommended Time to Complete: 2 Days Guiding Questions 1. What is the difference between tonicity and osmolality? 2. How does the kidney excrete free water and defend against hyponatremia? 3. How does one formulate a clinical approach to the patient with hyponatremia? 4. What is the definition of SIADH?
WNK4 may be the master switch that regulates the balance between NaCl reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron. With hypovolemia both AII and aldosterone are stimulated. AII even in the presence of WNK4 stimulates NCC. Experimental studies have also shown that AII stimulates the phosphorylation of SPAK and NCC. AII thereby activates NCC in DCT1 directly and in DCT2 indirectly via aldosterone. AII also inhibits ROMK activity through WNK4 dependent and independent mechanisms. The combined interaction of AII with aldosterone favors the electroneutral reabsorption of sodium with chloride.
8. Aldosterone increases ENaC activity through the phosphorylation of Sgk1. Sgk1 phosphorylates and blocks the activity of Nedd4-2, a protein that ubiquitinates ENaC causing its removal from the cell membrane. 9. Natriuretic peptides constitute the major effector system resulting in natriuresis. They act primarily by inhibiting the IMCD cyclic GMPgated nonspecific cation channel and the Na+-K+-ATPase. ᭹ DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED TOTAL-BODY SODIUM (EXTRACELLULAR FLUID VOLUME EXPANSION) Hypervolemic states (increased ECF volume) are associated with increased total-body sodium and commonly present with edema with or without hypertension.