By Ismail Jatoi MD PhD FACS
This factor of the Surgical Clinics on Familial melanoma Syndromes will disguise the next themes: melanoma genetics; genetic checking out for melanoma susceptibility; genetic trying out and privateness, employment, and insurance; hereditary diffuse gastric melanoma, hamartomatous polyposis syndromes, hereditary non-polyposis coli and familial adenomatous polyposis coli syndromes; administration of hereditary breast melanoma; a number of endocrine neoplasias; familial cancer; the rising position of prophylactic surgical procedure in melanoma prevention.
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Additional resources for Hereditary Cancer Syndromes, An Issue of Surgical Clinics (The Clinics: Surgery)
Example text
Data from Umar A, Boland CR, Terdiman JP, et al. Revised Bethesda Guidelines for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) and microsatellite instability. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96(4):261–8. judgment remain critical to the evaluation of any individual and to the use of these tools to calculate prior probabilities [17,29]. When should genetic testing be considered? The decision to offer genetic testing extends beyond evidence of a possible inherited susceptibility to cancer to include the interpretation and potential uses of the test results.
Indeed, every human possesses some potentially lethal genes [1]. As more genetic links to diseases have been identified, genetic tests have become commercially available, and genetic technology has become embedded firmly in the practice of medicine. For example, the medical community now recognizes that up to 30% of infant deaths are associated with known genetic disorders, 15% of cancers have an identifiable genetic hereditary component, and 10% of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes are known to have a strong genetic component [1].
52] Smith A, Moran A, Boyd MC, et al. Phenocopies in BRCA1 and BRCA2 families: evidence for modifier genes and implications for screening. J Med Genet 2007;44:10–5. [53] Katki HA, Mitchell H, Gail MH, et al. Breast-cancer risk in BRCA-mutation-negative women from BRCA-mutation-positive families. Lancet Oncol 2007;8(12):1042–3. [54] Easton DF, Deffenbaugh AM, Pruss D, et al. A systematic genetic assessment of 1,433 sequence variants of unknown clinical significance in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancer–predisposition genes.