By Fernando Gonzáles de León
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Additional resources for The Road to Rocroi: Class, Culture and Command in the Spanish Army of Flanders, 1567–1659
Sample text
There were two: the Gobernador de las Armas or Governor of Arms and the Captain General. Captain General65 Sometimes called “Generalísimo,” he was the highest ranking officer in the Army of Flanders, enjoying absolute authority over the troops, their Pays Bas a l’Epoque de l’Archiduc Albert (1598–1621),” Revue Belge de Philologie et d’Histoire, IX, no. 34 July–December 1930, 831–852. 64 As far as I am aware, there is no contemporary military manual that adequately explains the duties of these ranks.
In the sieges of Ostend (1603–05) and Breda (1624–25) Ambrogio Spinola provided the typical example of the Infantry General as siege coordinator (illust. 1). However, the expertise of this officer had to extend beyond the arrangement of infantry units on the field since he was, at least until 1628, responsible for the coordinated deployment of all four branches of the army in garrisons and winter quarters, a task that involved the organization of supply lines, convoys and depots. In the last decades of the war, due to the creation of the rank of Governor of Arms, the number of Infantry Generals increased while the status and authority of the post dwindled.
20 Its most specific or Spanish features derived from the Reconquista, the long medieval struggle against Muslim domination in the Peninsula. 23 Since in Iberia nobility was linked to exclusive Christian descent free of Jewish or Muslim admixture, there were entire regions in the north such as the Basque country where most of the population claimed to be noble. 25 The Spanish nobility had a military social purpose and ethos and the Castilian crusading orders of Saint James or Santiago, Alcántara and Calatrava founded in the twelfth century, whose members had the status of “caballeros” or knights and profited from “encomiendas” or land grants, served as prominent reminders of the Reconquista.