By Nicolas Patin
Via 3 certain chapters, this e-book outlines the capabilities and services of static converters corresponding to sensors used in protection units and effort garage units with a radical evaluation of the applied sciences and purposes of these types of parts, together with tracking points.
The writer outlines the most amounts to observe in strength converters (current, voltage and temperature) and the sensor applied sciences which are presently out there, with frequently skilled functional size difficulties and analog circuits permitting you to beat those issues.
- Presenting measurements and the actual phenomena, which influence the accuracy of measures
- Provides and evaluate of the most applied sciences of sensors on the market, each one with their benefits and drawbacks
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Protection units are proven for all form of mess ups, aiding you to designing trustworthy converters and warrantly precision inside a rigorous framework
Read Online or Download Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports. Volume 5: Measurement Circuits, Safeguards and Energy Storage PDF
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Additional resources for Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports. Volume 5: Measurement Circuits, Safeguards and Energy Storage
Example text
This setup is probably one of the simplest one can face in electronics but, nevertheless, it has to perform a number of tasks: – its primary function is to attenuate the voltage in order to allow a low voltage measuring circuit to function (an analogto-digital converter); – it has to show an impedance high enough to consume as little energy as possible and, therefore, to avoid degrading the efficiency of the power electronic converter; 50 Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports 5 – it should not overheat (to avoid resistor decay and premature ageing of components).
3. Closed-loop measurements In order to improve the efficiency of measurements, the magnetic field can be channeled using a ferromagnetic circuit in which the Hall sensor is incorporated. This setup still has the ability to measure direct currents at very low frequency. However, some of the same problems, already present in current transformers, arise again: – iron loss in the core (which degrades the high frequency performances of the sensor); – non-linearity of the material (saturation). The first problem can only be tackled by the use of adapted materials (ultra-soft materials with weak hysteresis and limiting Foucault currents thanks to sufficiently thin 46 Power Electronics Applied to Industrial Systems and Transports 5 layering16 or due to a high resistivity17).
This way, the operating point of the device is maintained in a quasi-linear area of the material. Next, the current flowing in this winding has to be measured and from there the primary current can be deduced. This is possible because a compensation of “ampere-turns” happens: Is = Ip /Ns (where Ns is the number of coils of the feedback winding)18. Many Hall sensors operate on this principle and are actually directly equipped with a current output. Therefore, connecting a resistor between the output and ground is enough to recover a voltage reflecting the current to be measured.