By Frederick Schauer
Ideas are a primary portion of such assorted companies as legislations, morality, language, video games, faith, etiquette, and family members governance, yet there's frequently confusion approximately what a rule is, and what ideas do. delivering a accomplished philosophical research of those questions, this booklet demanding situations a lot of the present felony, jurisprudential, and philosophical literature, through seeing an important function for ideas, an both major position for his or her stricter operation, and making the case for principles as units for the allocation of strength between decision-makers.
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Additional resources for Playing by the Rules: A Philosophical Examination of Rule-Based Decision-Making in Law and in Life
Example text
Hare , The Laniuage of Morals, 1 -3 1 ; W. D . Ross , The Right and the Good, 1 -3 . 2 Newton Garver, ' Rules ' , 21 1 . 3 Max Black , 'The An alysis �)f Rules' , 1 1 4 . 18 PLAY I N G BY T H E RU L E S Interestingly , the logic of the prescriptive use of 'rule' i s similar , with prescriptive rules also being necessarily general . We say there is a rule prohibiting people from walking on the lawn if a sign prohibits many people over time from walking on the lawn , but we would not describe as a 'rule' a particular instruction (rather than a reminder of a pre-existing rule) from a parent to a child not to walk on this lawn at this time .
Whether it be 'No dogs allowed', 'Speed Limit 55', 'No one under the age of 2 1 shal l consume alcoholic beverages', or 'Thou shalt not kill', the factual predicate of a rule is a probabilistic generalization with respect to some (usually but not necessarily unstated) justification. Insofar as some dogs would not create annoying disturbances, some driving at greater than 55 miles per hour is not dangerous, some people under the age of 2 1 can use alcohol responsibly, and some killing might be morally justifiable, the generalization of the rule's factual predicate is over-inclusive.
Even in such cases, howeve r. a currently universal factual predicate is potent i a l l y only probab i l istic or potentially under-i ncl usive . This is the lesson of open texture, which I i n t roduce into the analysis in the following section . 34 PLAY I N G B Y T H E R U L E S Because the factual predicate of a rule is consequently (either actually or potentially, as I shall discuss in the following section) under-inclusive or over-inclusive (or both) from the perspective of the justification for the rule, that factual predicate may at times not so much further the justification for the rule as impede it.