By G.P. Glasby (Eds.)
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Extra resources for Marine Manganese Deposits
Sample text
Mineralogically, they consist principally of todorokite with subordinate amounts of birnessite and 6Mn02 (Barnes, 1967a; Cronan and Tooms, 1969; Glasby 1972a). The average minor element composition of abyssal nodules may, in part, reflect their mineralogical composition. As abyssal nodules are principally composed of todorokite and as this mineral appears to concentrate Ni and Cu (Cronan and Tooms, 1969), the average enrichment of these elements in abyssal nodules relative to the other groups might be explained.
1970). However, at least one nodule recovered at a depth of 131 m in DSDP 162 during Leg 1 6 of the project in the eastern equatorial Pacific has probably ENVIRONMENTS O F FERROMANGANESE OXIDE DEPOSITION 23 formed in-situ. It was enclosed in an undisturbed mottle of bleached sediment which contained the same microfauna as the surrounding darker sediment, and is unlikely therefore to have fallen from the surface. With few exceptions, buried nodules described to date in the upper few metres of sediments are very similar in nature to their surface counterparts.
The significance of depth as an environmental parameter controlling regional variations in nodule composition has been the subject of some confusion. That both the mineralogy of nodules and their content of elements such as Co, Cu and Ni varies with depth in open ocean nodules has been shown by several workers (Menard, 1964; Barnes, 1967a; Cronan, 1967; this chapter). However, as pointed out by Glasby (1970), when shallow-water nearshore nodules are included in the computations, the relationships often break down.