By Stephen Gorove
The Danube has been for 2 centuries the good connecting hyperlink among the ecu West and the eu East. such a lot advertisement and cultural exchanges among the 2 components of Europe came about with assistance from or alongside the Danube. The West concerned used to be, primarily, southern Germany and the cisbithynian a part of the Habsburg monarchy. The East was once the previously Turkish governed territories, the Balkan peninsula and the Black Sea. The latter was once, for the final centuries, the guts of clash among Russian and Turkish hegemo nial aspirations. The occasions of the Balkan wars and of global conflict I virtually ex tinguished Turkish impact, an occasion lengthy anticipated: the result of global battle I fortified, to an unforeseen measure, the impression of Russia, which now grew to become virtually synonymous with the time period of the ecu East. for many years the center and reduce Danube threaten ed to vanish at the back of the Iron Curtain which marked the level of japanese influence.
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Additional info for Law and Politics of the Danube: An Interdisciplinary Study
Example text
77 Thus, for practical purposes, international regulation of the Danube was confined to that stretch of the river below Braila until after the First World War. WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH The First World War marked a temporary loss of the authority of the European Commission. Although the Commission continued to function for at least part of the war, the Central Powers took measures to abolish it by the Treaty of Bucharest of May 7, 1918, with Rumania. 78 In its place a Danube Estuary Commission, composed only of riparian states and dominated by Germany and Austria-Hungary, was substituted.
5. 52 53 a THE DANUBE: ITS ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE 25 to the ships of all nations for a period of ten years. In actuality, the Russian "open door" policy was more fanciful than real and the Czarist Government continued to make shipping difficult on the Danube. 57 Set against this background, the Powers, meeting at the Conference of Vienna in March, 1855, before the end of the Crimean War, spoke out for the necessity of guaranteeing freedom of navigation on the river. The principles of river law, as decreed by the Congress of Vienna, were applied to the Danube for the first time by the Treaty of Paris.
Truman, New York, 1952, p. 241 ; see also President Truman's statement of American foreign policy on September 20, 1946, Dept. St. , XV, September 29, 1946, p. 577. 12 Address by President Harry S. Truman, Navy Day, October 27, 1945, at New York City. Dept. St. , XIII, October 28, 1945, pp. 645-655. See also Harry S. Hemoirs, I, Garden City, 1955, pp. 377-378. 13 The principle was already crystallized by 1826, and was made the second of Wilson's Fourteen Points and has since beEn vigorously maintained except in two great crises, when Jefferson persuaded Congress in 1807 to pass the embargo and when Congress in 1935-37 passed legislation giving up certain maritime rights.