By Leslie Bethell (editor), Ian Roxborough (editor)
This quantity goals to set up that the interval among international conflict II and the start of the chilly warfare (1944-5 to 1947-8) represents a major conjuncture within the political and social historical past of Latin the USA within the 20th century. the quantity comprises an advent and a end via the editors and case stories of 11 of the twenty Latin American republics. regardless of modifications of political regime and diversified degrees of financial and social improvement there are outstanding similarities within the reports of nearly all of the Latin American republics during this interval. for many of Latin the US it may be divided into stages. the 1st, coinciding with the Allied victory within the moment international conflict, was once characterised via 3 particular yet interrelated phenomena: democratization; a shift to the Left, either Communist and non-Communist; and unparalleled hard work militancy. within the moment section, coinciding with the onset of the chilly warfare and accomplished nearly far and wide via 1948, exertions was once disciplined by means of the nation and in lots of situations excluded from politics; communist events suffered proscription and serious repression; reformist, "progressive" events moved to the proper; the democratic increase was once for the main half contained, and sometimes reversed.
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Extra info for Latin America between the Second World War and the Cold War: Crisis and Containment, 1944–1948
Example text
S. aid) went to Latin America. Belgium and Luxembourg alone received more than the whole of Latin America. l6 Although there was some modest increase in lending by the ExportImport Bank after the war, Latin America, it was clear, would have to look to private foreign capital for its development. S. investment in Latin America in the immediate postwar period (and it mostly went into Venezuelan oil and Cuban sugar). S. capital - and not only into the export agricultural and mining sectors but now, above all, into manufacturing industry - an appropriate climate for direct foreign investment had to be created, and various guarantees and assurances, both symbolic and real, given.
S. , "The Containment of US Military Aid to Latin America, 1944-1949," DH 6(1982)1242. S. embassies, and by CIA agents. The intelligence apparatus set up during the war for dealing with Nazi subversion was given a new lease on life. S. hostility to communism in Latin America was made explicit in State Department Policy Planning Staff document PPS 26 (22 March) and National Security Council document NSC 7 (30 March). Resolution 32 of the Final Act at the Bogota conference asserted that even the existence of Communist parties as legal entities in Latin America was a direct threat to the security of the Western Hemisphere.
There is certainly room for more research on all Latin American countries, and not only on labor and the Left, which we have argued are central to an understanding of the nature and outcome of the postwar conjuncture, but also on the Right, on the various elements that make up the Latin American elites, on the middle classes, on peasants (which played an important role in, for example, Bolivia and Venezuela), on the military, and perhaps on the church. Further study is needed of the precise operation of global forces and their impact on the ongoing processes of political and social change in each Latin American country.