By Kwang W. Jeon, Martin Friedlander (Eds.)
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1986b (tobacco roots); 4. Uprneier el d . , 1990 (Euglena gracilis. calmodulinindependent). , 1988a,b). , 1989). Results on the degradation of NA (Fig. 11) in parsley suspension cultured cells showed hydroxylation at C-6 as the first step and glutaric acid as a possible product (Komossa and Barz, 1988). NAD is transformed to NADP by a kinase and NADP can be transformed back to NAD by a phosphatase (Fig. The production of NADP and the regulation of the NAD(H)/NADP(H) ratio are very important for plant metabolism.
In the stroma of Beta uulgaris chloroplasts, a 5‘-nucleotidase was found that was, however, absent in spinach chloroplasts (Eastwell and Stumpf, 1982). NDP- and NMPhydrolyzing activities from soybean nodules were found to be soluble proteins and neither appeared to be associated with nodule organelles (Doremus and Blevins, 1988a),although activities for degradation of XMP into Xan (Fig. 12) would be expected in the plastid (Schubert, 1986). , 1987)and stimulation by Ca2+/calmodulinwas reported.
Localization of Pathways 1. D e Novo Routes a . , absence or presence of the first enzyme, Glc6P-DHase,were reported. Conversion of ribose5P to PRPP, which is required for both de now and salvage pathways, obviously also occurs in the cytoplasm and in organelles. , 1980), 60% of the PRPP-Sase activity was found in the cytosol(100,OOO g supernatant) and 30% were in a particulate fraction (12,000 g pellet). From an earlier investigation with spinach leaves, 95% of the total activity was reported to be in the cytosol and only a little in the chloroplasts and mitochondria (Ashihara, 1977b).