By David A. Bender
Supplements are a chemically disparate team of compounds crucial for the traditional functioning of the physique and upkeep of metabolic integrity. In exploring the recognized biochemical services of the supplements, this publication considers the consequences of deficiency or extra and the clinical foundation for intakes for the prevention of deficiency and merchandising of optimal wellbeing and fitness. This compact and authoritative reference can be of worth to scholars in addition to experts in dietary biochemistry, and people fascinated about nutrition nutrients, deficiency and metabolism. First version Hb (1992): 0-521-38144-4
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Extra info for Nutritional Biochemistry of the Vitamins, 2nd Edition
Example text
11 Reference values for fat, carbohydrate, sodium, potassium, and protein; for labeling purposes EU, European Union; FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization; UN, United Nations. 1. Derivation of reference intakes of nutrients from the distribution around the observed mean requirement; plotted below as a cumulative distribution curve, permitting estimation of the probability that a given level of intake is adequate to meet an individual’s requirement. might satisfy requirements with an intake considerably below the reference intake.
London: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers. Crews H, Alink G, Andersen R, Braesco V, Holst B, Maiani G, Ovesen L, Scotter M, Solfrizzo M, van den Berg R, Verhagen H, and Williamson G (2001) A critical assessment of some biomarker approaches linked with dietary intake. British Journal of Nutrition 86(Suppl 1), S5–35. Donnelly JG (2001) Nutrient requirements in health and disease. ), pp. 29–44. Berlin: Springer. Fairfield KM and Fletcher RH (2002) Vitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: scientific review.
Retinoic acid modulates gene expression and tissue differentiation, acting by way of nuclear receptors. Historically, there was confusion between the effects of deficiency of vitamins A and D; by the 1950s, it was believed that the confusion had been resolved. Elucidation of the nuclear actions of the two vitamins has shown that, in many systems, the two act in concert, forming retinoid–vitamin D heterodimeric receptors; hypervitaminosis A can antagonize the actions of vitamin D. In vitro, and in experimental animals, vitamin A has anticancer action related to its role in modulating gene expression and tissue differentiation.