By P. D. Jones, A. E. J. Ogilvie, T. D. Davies, K. R. Briffa (auth.), P. D. Jones, A. E. J. Ogilvie, T. D. Davies, K. R. Briffa (eds.)
Most reports of the affects of weather swap think about affects sooner or later from anthropogenic weather swap. only a few ponder what the affects of earlier weather swap were. History and Climate:Memories of the Future? includes thirteen interdisciplinary chapters which reflect on affects of switch in several areas of the area, during the last millennium. preliminary chapters determine proof for the alterations, whereas later chapters examine the affects on agriculture, fisheries, health and wellbeing, and society. The ebook should be of curiosity to someone operating within the box of weather switch and history.
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Months within these thresholds are not designated. , 1999). The two decades 1676 to 1695 witnessed by far the largest number of cold extremes in the winter half year within the last five centuries (Figure 4). b ~f .. ~ "'" --g . 1 ,. , .... - " " ' cold ~-2 ~40 u '"530 DJF i-' ' ' ' MAM -JJA "~ " '-' 0 e --g . 1O 1:. 0 0 - o-SON - - ...... :. :. , 30 I.. 6".. :::. 'n_ )(, . : MM = _ _____1 /\ / / . -- ~"" 10 ·1 m r- - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - - j -J1A* i-,a. -<>- SON" / \ ~ 0~ ~ · 1 dry ·2 weI ~ .
For more details see Yamal (1993), Huth (1996), Yamal and Frakes (1997), Blair (1998) and Kaufmann et al. (1999). One of the primary goals of classification is to maximise between-class distance and minimise within-class variance. The first step of the classification procedure is the standardisation of the SLP grids for both periods. Standardisation removes the seasonal influence on absolute pressure and also eliminates the seasonal impact on pressure-pattern intensity. Thus, only the generalised map pattern (grid) remains, and pressure configurations of various months are comparable (Yarnal, 1993).
Based on these results, some highlights of the unique climatic character of the LMM within the last 500 years are shown for Switzerland. Several approaches are known for investigating differences in atmospheric circulation between two periods. In this paper, two were applied. • The differences in mean SLP during the LMM and the period 1961-1990 were analyzed with average seasonal mean SLP difference charts (average seasonal means of LMM minus average seasonal means for 1961-1990). The regions with statistically significant SLP differences according to Student's t-test are also given.