By G. R. Evans, Malcolm Potts, Jan P. Hogendijk (auth.), Helaine Selin (eds.)
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Extra info for Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures
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New Edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, I 966. See also: Huangdi Neijing - Zhenjiu Jia Yijing- Medical Texts, Chinese - Moxibustion - Medicine in China - Qi - Yinyang - Five Phases ( Wuxing) - Huangfu Mi Acyuta Pi~arati (ca. 1550-1621), ACYUTA PI~ARA TI author of over ten texts, was an astronomer from Kerala in South India. It was he who enunciated, for the first time in Indian astronomy, the planetary correction called "reduction to the ecliptic" (the band of the zodiac through which 14 AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA the Sun apparently moves in its yearly course), in his work Sphu(aniriJaya (Determination of True Planets), composed before 1593 , which was later expanded into a full-fledged tract called Rtisigolasphuttinfti (True Longitude Computation of the Sphere of the Zodiac).
It also had far-reaching influence on the study and practice of acupuncture abroad, notably in Japan and Korea. The eleventh century saw the first casting of life-size human acupuncture figures in bronze by Wang Weiyi. The bronze figures were pierced with small holes corresponding to the acupoints, then covered with wax, filled with water, and used for examination purposes. Accurate insertion of needles through the specific holes on the bronze figure would cause the water to flow out. Wang Weiyi also wrote an illustrated manual to accompany the bronze figures.
During a period of aggressive modernization of African agriculture following the end of colonial rule the work of documenting and understanding African systems of resource knowledge and management, begun by ecologicallyoriented technologists in the colonial period, was kept alive only by a handful of enthusiasts. Special mention should be made of African pioneers such as George Benneh in Ghana and Uzo lgbozurike in Nigeria. However, interest in local knowledge systems expanded enormously in the 1980s and 1990s, after the failure of many "high-tech" schemes to promote rapid change in African agriculture.