By Gurmit Singh, Shafaat A. Rabbani
A cutting-edge evaluation of the molecular underpinnings of bone-seeking cancers, present remedy methods for them, and destiny healing suggestions. The authors light up the function of varied autocrine, paracrine, and immunological elements fascinated about the development and institution of bone metastases, highlighting the physiological approaches that bring about bone degradation, discomfort, angiogenesis, and dysregulation of bone turnover. additionally they speak about a number of the options that seem to have promise and are at the moment deployed in remedy or are on the experimental level.
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N Engl J Med 1983; 309(6):325–330. 8. Suva LJ, Winslow GA, Wettenhall RE, Hammonds RG, Moseley JM, Diefenbach-Jagger H, Rodda CP, et al. A parathyroid hormone-related protein implicated in malignant hypercalcemia: cloning and expression. Science 1987; 237(4817):893–896. 9. Burtis WJ, Wu J, Bunch CM, Wysolmerski TJ, Jusogna KL, Weir EC, et al. Identification of a novel 17,000-dalton parathyroid hormone-like adenylate cyclase-stimulating protein from a tumor associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.
In this chapter, we first review the biological effects of vitamin D. We then describe the structure and functions of a variety of vitamin D analogs. Finally, we give a detailed description of the many studies that investigated the activity and the mechanism of the effect of vitamin D analogs in tumor growth and metastasis. 2. 1. Synthesis, Transport, and Metabolism 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, the biologically active metabolite of vitamin D3, is a fatsoluble secosteroid molecule generated nonenzymatically from 7-dehydrocholesterol in the human epidermis by radiation with ultraviolet (UV) light (3).
The physiological role, if any, of these metabolites remains uncertain. 2. Physiological Actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 The traditional action of 1,25(OH)2D3 is to maintain calcium and phosphate homeostasis to ensure the deposition of bone mineral. The plasma calcium concentration is tightly controlled in humans (19) and 1,25(OH)2D3 plays an important role in mammalian calcium homeostasis mainly through its actions on the skeleton and the intestine. 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulates intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, bone calcium and phosphate resorption, and renal calcium and phosphate reabsorption, thus increasing the serum calcium and phosphate ion concentration.