By Angel Rabasa, Steven Boraz, Peter Chalk, Kim Cragin, Theodore W. Karasik
Ungoverned territories-failed or failing states or ungoverned parts inside of another way attainable states-generate a myriad of safety difficulties and sometimes develop into terrorist sanctuaries. utilizing a two-tiered framework utilized to 8 circumstances from world wide, the authors illustrate the stipulations that provide upward push to ungoverned territories, contributing to our knowing of what makes a few ungoverned territories extra conducive to a terrorist or rebel presence than others. at the foundation of this ground-breaking paintings, the authors determine 3 different types of ungoverned territories and their results on U.S. safeguard pursuits, whereas offering innovations designed to enhance our skill to mitigate those results.
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Additional resources for Ungoverned Territories: Understanding and Reducing Terrorism Risks
Example text
Unlike terrorists, who in most cases are isolated from the mass of the population, insurgents sometimes have substantial popular support and achievable aims. Therefore, political solutions in some cases can bring an end to insurgencies. Terrorists, on the other hand, operate in small clandestine cells, lack mass support, sometimes have millenarian, unachievable aims, and attack primarily non-combatants. Their methods, in many cases, alienate the population and result in the ultimate defeat of the terrorist movement.
In describing conduciveness, we use four other main variables: (1) adequacy of infrastructure and operational access; (2) sources of income; (3) favorable demographic and social characteristics; and (4) invisibility. As with our consideration of ungovernability, some of the more complex variables are broken down into a number of indicators. For instance, favorable demographics can be measured in several ways: the presence of extremist groups or communities vulnerable to co-option or intimidation; supportive social norms among the population; a preexisting state of violence that could be engineered to fit with extremist agendas; informal social assistance programs or networks open to exploitation; and the presence of criminal syndicates available for hire.
At the benign end of the continuum are otherwise healthy states that have lost control of some geographic or functional space within their territories. For instance, a state that otherwise functions reasonably well could be plagued with a high level of illegal immigration across poorly controlled borders and the presence of criminal gangs involved in that activity. S. national security community, unless, like the coca-growing areas of South America during the 1990s “war on drugs,” they generated problems that required some degree of intervention.