By Bonnie Blackburn, Leofranc Holford-Strevens
What are the halcyon days? On what date do the puppy days start? what's Hansel Monday? How do chinese language, Muslim, Mesoamerican, Jewish, and Babylonian calendars range from Christian calendars? The solutions to those and enormous quantities of different interesting questions about the way in which people have marked and measured time over the millennia are available within the Oxford spouse to the Year.
The wish to put aside convinced classes of time to mark their importance is a transhistorical, transcultural phenomena. almost all cultures have marked targeted days or classes: the banquet day of a saint, the occasion of a historic occasion, the turning of a season, a interval of fasting, the birthday of a massive ancient determine. round nowadays a wealthy physique of traditions, ideals, and superstitions have grown up, a lot of them purely half-remembered at the present time. Now, for the 1st time, Bonnie Blackburn and Leofranc Holford-Strevens mix this physique of information with a wide-ranging survey of calendars throughout cultures in an authoritative and fascinating one-volume reference paintings. the 1st portion of The Oxford significant other to the yr is a daily survey of the calendar yr, revealing the background, literature, legend, and lore linked to every one season, month, and day. the second one half presents a broader research of time-reckoning: historic and glossy calendars, non secular and civil, are defined, with convenient tables for the conversion of dates among a number of structures and a priceless index to facilitate fast reference.
The Oxford spouse to the yr is a special and uniquely pleasant reference resource, an integral reduction for all historians and antiquarians, and a wealthy mine of knowledge and suggestion for browsers.
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Walker, / . Chem. Soc. p . 1094 (1952). 3. G. F . Smith, J. Chem. Soc. p . 3842 (1954). 8 KETONES 1. INTRODUCTION 2. OXIDATION REACTIONS 8-1. Preparation of 4-Methylcyclohexanone 3. CONDENSATION REACTIONS 8-2. Preparation of Acetophenone by the Grignard Method 8-3. Preparation of Dimethylacetophenones by the Friedel-Crafts Acylation Method 1. INTRODUCTION T h e oxidation of secondary alcohols by sulfuric-chromic acid at 20°-40°C gives good yields of ketones and is a widely used synthetic method.
OXIDATION REACTIONS A. PEROXIDATION OF OLEFINS TO GIVE OXIRANES (EPOXIDES) [5-8] • CAUTION: All organic peracid reactions should be conducted behind a safety shield because some reactions proceed with uncontrollable violence. 1 mole or less, before scaling the preparation up. Efficient stirring and cooling should be provided. Peracids and other peroxides can be destroyed by the addition of ferrous sulfate or sodium bisulfite [7]. Peracid-containing mixtures should not be distilled until the peracids have been eliminated.
Karo, Organic Functional Group Preparations, Vol. I, 2d ed. (New York, 1983), 235-287, by permission of Academic Press, Inc. 58 9 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS 59 D. Ethyl Acetoacetic Ester Synthesis 9-17. Preparation of Caproic Acid E. Arndt-Eistert Rearrangement 9-18. Preparation of Biphenyl-2-acetic Acid F. Reformatskii Reaction 9-19. Preparation of Ethyl 4-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-octanoate G. Diels-Alder Reaction 9-20. Preparation of Tetrahydrophthalic Anhydride 9. HYDROLYSIS OF ACID DERIVATIVES A. Hydrolysis of Nitriles 9-21.