
By Richard Stivers
Arguing that the ideology of freedom and equality this day bears little resemblance to its eighteenth-century counterpart, Richard Stivers examines how those values were considerably reworked in a technological civilization. as soon as regarded as a type of own estate and a side of the honor of the person, the context of freedom and equality this day is technological prior to it's political and monetary and is additionally now principally considered in collective phrases. concentrating on the paintings of Jacques Ellul and Max Weber, Stivers lines the improvement of freedom and equality in Enlightenment notion and American heritage after which proceeds to debate their present ideologies, realities, and illusions.
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Additional resources for The Illusion of Freedom and Equality
Sample text
Like freedom, equality is an existential concept that begins as a protest against one’s life circumstances. As indicated earlier, the concept changes its meaning according to historical circumstances. Most prominent in American history have been the following kinds of equality: equality before the law, political equality, equality of opportunity, equality of outcome, equality of esteem, and group (plural) equality. As J. R. ”58 The language of equality was like all natural languages polysemic. “Due process of law” was articulated in the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution in 1791.
This secular bible promised a different kind of joy—the happiness of consumption. Daniel Boorstin describes its religious significance: It was not merely facetious to say that many farmers came to live more intimately with the good Big Book of Ward’s or Sears, Roebuck than with the Good Book. The farmer kept his Bible in the frigid parlor, but as Edna Ferber remarked in Fanny Herself (1917), her novel of the mail-order business, the mail-order catalogue was kept in the cozy kitchen. That was where the farm family ate and where they really lived.
Fourth, there was a choice about whether to use technology or not. This is crucial. Because technology was so limited in its efficacy and because it was not the most important phenomenon in society, individuals were often free to choose among various methods, and to choose whether to use a technique at all. Today, there is less choice. One pays a heavy price for not using technology, if only in terms of public opinion. 2 The upshot of this is that prior to the nineteenth century technology was simply one aspect of a culture.