By Claudio Garola, Arcangelo Rossi, Sandro Sozzo
This quantity offers a different evaluate of modern Italian reviews at the foundations of quantum mechanics and similar historic, philosophical and epistemological themes. a meeting of students from diversified cultural backgrounds, the convention supplied a discussion board for a desirable alternate of principles and views on a variety of open questions in quantum mechanics. the various nature of the papers during this quantity attests to the success of that goal with many contributions offering unique strategies to verified difficulties by means of considering innovations from varied disciplines.
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Additional info for The foundations of quantum mechanics: historical analysis and open questions - Cesena 2004; Cesena, Italy, 4 - 9 October 2004
Example text
These are the basic concepts that support any calculation in quantum physics. Actually this is a reduction of reality, whose main aspect is that the description of a single event is carefully avoided: indeed by using the symbols of observable and state it is quite impossible to express the fact that in a given experiment one particular photon has passed a polarization analyzer or hasn't. Still, this reduction of reality by theoretical physicists is very clever, because in any case theoretical physicists could not predict at all the yes or no outcome of a single experiment.
This notion mirrors the deterministic requirement that a random variable must take definite values on pure states, namely that it has no dispersion on pure states. Notice that a measurable function F : Q, -* S extends in a natural way to the afnne map Ap : M+(fi) -> Mf(E), denned by (AFfi)(X) := niF-1 (X)), X € B(E), (1) which will be called the distribution functional of F and corresponds to the notion of observable introduced in the previous Section. The pair (F, X) can be viewed as a two-valued experiment, which simply states whether the outcome of F does or does not fall in X.
Moreover, we point out that the fundamental duality of quantum mechanics, to which all the other ones can be led, is that between measurement and premeasurement, and develop a formalism in terms either of projection operators or unitary transformations that can be used for both complementary features. 1. Introduction Three forms of duality have given rise historically to the main conceptual problems of quantum theory. The first one, is the duality between two classically incompatible descriptions, the wave—like and the corpuscular behaviour, which represents the empirical basis of the complementarity principle.