By Paul Harper
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And the immediate receded, but not before Washington had placed its nuclear forces worldwide on Defense Condition Three to crisis deter Soviet intervention. Arab losses were severe, with over 20,000 killed. Israel, with 2,800 dead, lost a greater proportion of a smaller population, but the biggest shock of all was the end of the myth 57 The October, or Yom Kippur War, by Nasser's successor, President Sadat, earned Egypt the right to negotiate with a chastened Israel as an equal. It also gave the West a direct incentive to find a solution, not just because of the frightening danger to world peace, but because the Arab oil-producing states together imposed a devastatingly effective oil blockade on industrialized nations supporting Israel.
34 the tried Zionists betrayed under the British mandate was the scene of violent confrontations between the Jewish settlers and the Palestinians. In 1921, riots in Jaffa left 200 Jews and 120 Arabs dead or wounded. Although they outnumbered the Jews, the Palestinians had no political organization or experience with which to assert their own presence in the country. The Zionists had not only the support and sympathy of the British authorities but also an efficient political machine. In addition they soon began training the Hagannah — forerunner of the Israeli Army.
The lack of any central authority in Lebanon allowed the PLO to establish what amounted to a "state within a state," headquarters in West Beirut and military bases For this the Palestinians paid the heavy price of a bitter war with Lebanon's Christian militia — trained, armed, and financed by Israel to counter- with its in the south, close to Israel's border. act the influence of the "state" in Lebanon was PLO. The the destruction of the aim of the 1982 PLO Israeli invasion. 59 , On November Egyptian President to American President March Jimmy Carter, Israeli Prime Alinister and Menachem Begin, preparing to sign a peace treaty at Camp David in March 1979.