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Extra resources for Teach Yourself Italian; Grammar and Exercises

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Plurals never change: i buoni amici (the good friends) buone maniere (good manners) buoni strumenti (good instruments) buone notizie (good news, notice how in Italian this noun is plural) etc. etc. Summarizing these irregular adjectives for an easier memorization: (in brackets are less usual forms, or forms which do not exist for all nouns) following noun masculine feminine masculine starts with... singular singular plural vowel grande (grand') grande (grand') grandi (grand') consonant grande (gran) grande (gran) grandi (gran) feminine plural grandi (grand') grandi (gran) vowel consonant bell' bel bella (bell') bella begli bei belle belle vowel consonant buon buon buona buona buoni buoni buone buone Obviously, when these adjectives are used after the noun, no changes occur and standard inflections are used: gran castello, but castello grande bell'uomo, but uomo bello buon prezzo, but prezzo buono.

Focus the following examples: un incredibile evento = an incredible event un ultimo tentativo = a last try un amaro ricordo = a bitter memory un'incredibile notizia = an incredible news un'ultima risposta = a last answer un'amara bevanda = a bitter drink In the first three sentences the noun is masculine, so un does not require an apostrophe (un evento, un incredibile evento, or un tentativo, un ultimo tentativo). In the second three sentences the noun is feminine, so una is shortened in un' which does require an apostrophe (una notizia, but un'incredibile notizia), since for phonetic reasons una drops the last a before words starting with a vowel.

Whatever form you use, remember to make a correct match between the adjective's gender and number, and those of the noun it relates to: a masculine plural noun always requires a masculine plural adjective, a singular feminine noun always needs a feminine singular adjective, and so on. COMBINING ARTICLES WITH NOUN-ADJECTIVE AND ADJECTIVE-NOUN When an article occurs before either an adjective-noun (a-n) or a noun-adjective (n-a) combination, it will obviously match the same gender and number of the word coming next, and it will also have to match with it phonetically: (the article matches il grande oceano (a-n, masculine) the great ocean grande) (the article matches l'oceano grande (n-a) the great ocean oceano) l'unica scelta (a-n, feminine) the only choice (the article matches unica) la scelta unica (n-a) the only choice (the article matches scelta) (the article matches i piccoli uccelli (a-n, masculine) the small birds piccoli) (the article matches gli uccelli piccoli (n-a) the small birds uccelli) una buona occasione (a-n, a good (the article matches buona) masculine) opportunity a good (the article matches un'occasione buona (n-a) opportunity occasione) uno stupido incidente (a-n, (the article matches a stupid accident masculine) stupido) (the article matches un incidente stupido (n-a) a stupid accident incidente) When using indefinite articles before an adjective, beware of a typical mistake which should be avoided: the use of an apostrophe where it is not needed.

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