By John King
This publication tells the tale of Sur, Argentina's leading literary and cultural magazine of the 20 th century. Victoria Ocampo (its founder and lifetime editor) and Jorge Luis Borges (a average and influential contributor) function prominently within the tale, whereas the contributions of different significant writers (including Eduardo Mallea, William Faulkner, André Breton, Virginia Woolf, Alfonso Reyes, Octavio Paz, Waldo Frank, Aldous Huxley and Graham Greene) are mentioned. Politically conversing, Sur represented a definite model of liberalism, a resistance to populism and mass tradition, and an attachment to elitist values which angry opposed to the extra dominant stages of Argentine proposal, from Peronism to the numerous varieties of nationalism, socialism and Marxism. Dr King examines the journal's roots, its improvement and its death, bearing on it to different journals circulating on the time, and highlighting very important concerns debated in its pages, corresponding to Argentine attitudes in the direction of fascism throughout the moment international battle.
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Sample text
Comment, ecrira-t-elle a Grover, peut-il parler de mecene, grand dieu! Le don etait absolument fraternel . . " '17 Later, however, in different circum stances, she did not hesitate to affirm her financial control of Sur: 'Sur me ha pertenecido y pertenece materialmente. '18 Her formation was in the language and literature of France but she also had an ambivalent attitude towards her country of origin. Argentina was the patrimony of her family and of a few others and she had the right to speak of its advantages and limitations.
Somos desaliiiados: lo sabemos. Sucios. Espontaneos. Pero nos hacemos entender hasta por el vigilante de la esquina . . Quien entiende lo que dice Mart{n Fierro? Proa. iY lo que dice Proa? '61 The dangers ofsuch an approach were obvious. In France the Clarti movement maintained a dialogue with the surrealists. In Argentina, only the 'pure' were acceptable. Luis Emilio Soto pointed out the problems of philistinism in the 2ooth edition ofClaridad: 'Burlotear al vanguardismo, solo por la etiqueta, equivale a sentar plaza de preceptor limitado y obtuso.
He took this problem to the celebrated depth psychologist C. G. 15 It is ironical indeed that Victoria Ocampo, that most cosmopolitan of women, should suffer on several occasions the indignity of being classified as an 'earth-woman'. Ortega y Gasset, another important visitor, attempted a somewhat more subtle description, seeing Ocampo as the fusion of the body ofAmerica and the spirit of Europe. 16 These and other remarks made the relationship between Ortega and Ocampo somewhat frosty for the decade of the 1 92os.