By G.R. Elton
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Extra info for Studies in Tudor and Stuart Politics and Government. Volume 2: Parliament Political Thought: Papers and Reviews 1946-1972
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F. T. Plucknett, * Parliament,' in James F. Willard and William A. , 1940), i. 82-128. For the Modus, a radical reform programme rather than an administrative treatise, see V. H. Galbraith in Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 16 (1953), 81 ff. For the growing theoretical use of a three-estates doctrine in the fifteenth century, see S. B. Chrimes, English Constitutional Ideas in the Fifteenth Century (Cambridge, 1936), 4 especially pp. 115-26. Down to c. 1339, the extant records are a mingle-mangle, not a series; from 1340 a standard form emerges which remained almost unaltered until 1483 (Rotuli Parliamentorum, ii.
In 1441, counsel in a case that turned upon a grant confirmed in Parliament tried to argue that a grant so made need not bind everyone, while in 1480 it was maintained that an act of Parliament 'binds everybody to whom it extends, forasmuch as every man is party and privy to the Parliament'. 1 One may perhaps suppose with Plucknett that this marks the stride forward in political thinking which he discerned in the fifteenth century, though this view of 1480 did not differ from Thorpe's in 1366. Perhaps it would be sounder to think of these notions as still being debatable, not yet commonplace.
It is therefore worth stressing that the records of Parliament, reflecting (as records always do) genuine changes of practice, also call attention to the year 1340. In that year, the rolls acquired regularity of form and became a proper continuous record. 4 It would seem that to the Chancery clerks who kept the roll the fact of institu1 2 3 See T. F. T. Plucknett, * Parliament,' in James F. Willard and William A. , 1940), i. 82-128. For the Modus, a radical reform programme rather than an administrative treatise, see V.