By Kurt E. Shuler
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Example text
We then see that, according to this law, the changes of velocity of the two particles are inversely proportional to their masses and ELASTIC IMPACT 45 opposite in direction. To determine the magnitude of these changes a second law is needed; this will be the energy law to be formulated a little later. The momentum law holds for all impact processes, as could be derived from the principles of Newton’s mechanics. The main ingredient in such a derivation is the law that the force exerted by one particle on the other during impact is opposite in direction and equal in magnitude to the force exerted by the second particle on the first one.
To see this one need only take the inner product of both sides of the original momentum law with the vector - vo. This consideration shows how closely the notions of energy and momentum are connected. As a matter of fact one could easily derive the momentum law from our energy law, if one assumes that the energy law holds no matter what the velocity of the platform is. In any case it is a remarkable fact that the notions of energy and momentum depend on the motion of the observer, but the laws of conservation combined do not.
If they satisfy the relations + (**) . g') = . fp $2) = 1 f$1) , $2) = 0 (as we have assumed in Figures 20, 21), the inner product of two vectors is expressed in terms of the new components in the same manner as it was expressed in terms of the original ones. ) For the inner product of a vector ii with itself, in particular, this statement yields the formula I ii 12 = 7; + 7;. Note that in the present approach the magnitude I ii I of the vector ii = (aI,a2)--Or the distance of its endpoint from the origin 0-is defined by the formula I G l2 = a: a: with respect to the original coordinate system, and that the way in which the new unit vectors were introduced entails that the square of the magnitude of the vector ii is given by I ii I z = y l 7;.