By Shinya Nagasaki, Shinichi Nakayama
This ebook describes crucial and potent administration for reliably making sure public defense from radioactive wastes in Japan. this can be the 1st e-book to hide many points of wastes from the nuclear gas cycle to analyze and scientific use, permitting readers to appreciate the characterization, remedy and ultimate disposal of generated wastes, functionality review, institutional structures, and social matters reminiscent of intergenerational ethics. workouts on the finish of every bankruptcy support to appreciate radioactive waste administration in context.
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Extra info for Radioactive Waste Engineering and Management
Example text
1). It is essential that the control of radioactive waste generation takes account of all types of radioactive wastes rather than looks at individual wastes. 3 Radioactivity of Radioactive Wastes Different types of low-level radioactive wastes from various sources demonstrate different radioactivity concentrations and their distributions, depending on the characteristics of the source. 1 shows the classification for several types of radioactive wastes by radioactivity concentration. The applicable disposal methods, such as near surface disposal without engineered barriers (hereinafter referred to as “landfill disposal”), near surface disposal with engineered barriers (hereinafter referred to as “concrete vault disposal”), subsurface disposal and geological disposal, are also indicated in the figure.
Okoshi and S. Nakayama The degradation products of TBP and dodecane include dibutyl phosphate, butyl nitrate and 1-butanol, and lauric acid, respectively. Solvent waste as a result of purifying spent solvent was once treated by incineration. However, since it causes significant corrosion to the incinerator, other methods, including vacuum distillation method and the TBP extraction method using phosphoric acid, are used today. Solvent waste mainly consisting of TBP separated by any of these methods is thermally decomposed, and the remaining phosphoric acid is neutralized with calcium hydroxide to get an inorganic salt.
Most of these wastes are stored at the business site of the source facilities. RI wastes and radioactive wastes from laboratories are together called radioactive wastes from research facilities. These two types of wastes are often discussed separately because each is governed by a different set of regulations in Japan. The use of RIs is regulated by the Law Concerning Prevention from Radiation Hazards due to Radioisotopes, etc. (Radiation Hazards Prevention Law), the Medical Service Act, the Pharmaceutical Affairs Act, the Veterinary Practice Act, and the Clinical Laboratory Technician Act.