By Andrea Czepek, Melanie Hellwig, Eva Nowak
We suppose that freedom of the click is assured in a democratic society. yet, in Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe, researchers from twelve international locations demonstrate that it's all too often a freedom that's taken with no consideration. In flip, they study media structures all through Europe and record on their stipulations for independence and pluralism. participants to this quantity talk about press freedom and variety via a number of case reviews related to such international locations because the Baltics, Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Finland, France, Germany, Austria, Italy, Spain, and the uk. This quantity presents a severe foundation from which to guage media freedom within the usa, and may therefore be of curiosity to students of media and conversation studies.
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Is access to the media an elite privilege? Or is it open to the public? Does everyone have access to a wide range of information, are there possibilities to place information or actively produce media content? Only if a broad public and all relevant groups of society have access to diverse media and the potential of being heard, is press freedom really achieved. Index of press freedom Whether media systems are relatively free, and produce diverse, critical information, can be measured with an index based on these considerations that could be applied to media systems in different countries.
The question is whether media systems and the actors within them are autonomous enough to pursue these goals, and this again can be determined by measuring their performance in terms of plurality and participation. pluralism and participation as desired results of press freedom | 43 Table 2: Index of press freedom: Method and Evaluation. Method of data collection Values (examples) Production Macro level Legal and structural n Secondary Analysis 0 = no legal provisions for press freedom or many conditions restrictions; majority of media under state control or very monopolized.
Die Kommunikationsfreiheit der Gesellschaft. measuring media freedom | 35 Die demokratischen Funktionen eines Grundrechts (Publizistik-Sonderheft 4/2003), Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, pp. 403–12. Holzweißig, Gunter (1997), Zensur ohne Zensor. Die SED-Informationsdiktatur, Köln: Bouvier Verlag. ) (2006), ‘IPI World Press Freedom Review’, Wien, http://www. html. Accessed 7 February 2008. year=2007. Accessed 7 February 2008. unesco. pdf. Accessed 20 April 2008. Kleinsteuber, Hans J. ), Die Zukunft der internationalen Kommunikationswissenschaft in Deutschland, Hamburg: Deutsches Übersee-Institut, pp.