By A. Yariv, P. Yeh
Read Online or Download Photonics - Optical Electronics in Modern Comm. PDF
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Extra resources for Photonics - Optical Electronics in Modern Comm.
Example text
This graph is called a V-I curve. Consider a simple circuit in which a battery is connected across a 1 kΩ resistor. Questions A. Find the current flowing if a 10 V battery is used. B. Find the current when a 1 V battery is used. C. Now find the current when a 20 V battery is used. Answers A. 10 mA B. 1 mA C. 20 mA 22. 5, and connect them together. 6. 6 Sometimes you need to calculate the slope of the line on a graph. To do this, pick two points and call them A and B. For point A let V = 5 volts and I = 5 mA For point B let V = 20 volts and I = 20 mA The slope can be calculated with the following formula: In other words, the slope of the line is equal to the resistance.
This flow takes place in any complete circuit that is connected to battery terminals. It is this difference of charge that creates the potential difference in the battery. The electrons are trying to balance the difference. Because electrons have a negative charge, they actually flow from the negative terminal and return to the positive terminal. We call this direction of flow electron flow. Most books, however, use current flow, which is in the opposite direction. It is referred to as conventional current flow or simply current flow.
Notice the way the battery and the diode are connected. Is the anode at a higher or lower voltage than the cathode? Answers A. Yes. B. The anode is connected to the positive battery terminal, and the cathode is connected to the negative battery terminal. Therefore, the anode is at a higher voltage than the cathode. 5. When the diode is connected so that the current is flowing, it is said to be forward biased. In a forward biased diode, the anode is connected to a higher voltage than the cathode, and current is flowing.