By Dimitri I. Kazakov, G. Smadja
The varsity introduces the experimental and theoretical particle physics history underlying numerous points of cosmology: topic anti-matter asymmetry, darkish subject, the acceleration of the growth, the 3K Cosmological historical past Radiation, the geometry of the universe. The theoretical lectures provide studies by means of specialists on subject matters which come with the bounds of the traditional version, an outline of the neutrino mass, supersymmetry, leptogenesis/baryogenesis, scalar fields, and extra-dimensions. The prestige experimental observations in particle physics and astrophysics (CP violation, neutrino oscillations, darkish topic, 3K radiation) can also be lined.
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Additional resources for Particle Physics and Cosmology: The Interface: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Particle Physics and Cosmology: The Interface ... II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry)
Example text
D66(2002) 024025. fr Abstract These lectures give an introduction and the current status of flavour physics in the quark sector, with special attention to the CKM matrix and CP violation. We describe the measurements which contribute to the determination of the CKM matrix elements and how, together with important theoretical developments, they have significantly improved our knowledge on the flavour sector of the Standard Model. These lectures are complemented by the seminar of U. Mallik (see these proceedings) which describes in more details the most recent CP-violating related measurements by the B-factories.
In this case λ = 1/λ ≡ λf and the previous conditions simplify to Imλf = 0 and/or |λf | = 1. The following asymmetry can be studied: ACP (mixing − decay) = 0 0 P rob(Bphys (∆t)→f )−P rob(Bphys (∆t)→f ) 0 P rob(B0phys (∆t)→f )+P rob(Bphys (∆t)→f ) (24) = Cf cos∆md ∆t + Sf sin∆md ∆t , where Cf = 1 − |λf |2 2 Imλf ; Sf = − 2 1 + |λf | 1 + |λf |2 (25) Cf corresponds to direct CP violation, since it is related to differences in the decay amplitudes, while Sf is related to the interference between the mixing and decays, involving the imaginary parts of p/q and of the decay amplitudes.
Gell-Mann [8], to introduce a new additive quantum number: the 0 strangeness4 . The strangeness was assigned to be -1 for the Λ, the K − and the K ( and +1 for the corresponding antiparticles ), -2 for the Ξ− and 0 for all non-strange particles and making the hypothesis that this new quantum number is conserved by strong and electromagnetic interactions and is not conserved by the weak interaction. This allows 2 The Brookhaven 3 GeV Cosmotron was the first accelerator delivering strange particles, followed by the Berkeley 6 GeV Bevatron.