By Stig Lundqvist
Offers Nobel Lectures introduced through the prizewinners, including their biographies, photographs and the presentation speeches for the interval 1971-1980. New biographical facts of the laureate on account that they have been provided the Nobel Prize, also are integrated.
Read or Download Nobel Lectures: Physics 1971-1980 a(Nobel lectures, including presentation speeches and laureates' biographies) PDF
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Extra resources for Nobel Lectures: Physics 1971-1980 a(Nobel lectures, including presentation speeches and laureates' biographies)
Example text
However, the central problem, the question of the physical mechanism responsible for the phenomenon remained a mystery until the late fifties. Many famous physicists tackled the problem with little success. The difficulties were related to the very special nature of the mechanism sought. In a normal metal the electrons more around individually at random, somewhat similar to the atoms in a gas, and the theory is, in principle, fairly simple. In superconductive metals the experiments suggested the existence of a collective state of the conduction electrons-a state in which the electrons are strongly coupled and their motion correlated so that there is a gigantic coherent state of macroscopic dimension containing an enormous number of electrons.
Stroke, G. W. and Labeyrie, A. , “Two-Beam Interferometry by Successive Recording of Intensities in a Single Hologram”, Appl. Physics Letters, 8, No. 2, 42-44 (15 January 1966). 12. Stetson, K. , Thesis (under direction of E. Ingelstam), Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (1969). 13. Denisyuk, Yu. , “Photographic Reconstruction of the Optical Properties of an Object in its Own Scattered Radiation”, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSR, 144, 12751278 (1962). 14. Stroke, G. W. and Labeyrie, A. , “White-Light Reconstruction of Holographic Images using the Lippmann-Bragg Diffraction Effect”, Physics Letters, 20, 368370 (1966).
If you place a permanent magnet in a bowl of superconducting material, the magnet will hover in the air above the bowl, literally floating on a cushion of its own magnetic field lines. This effect may be used as an example for the construction of friction-free bearings. Many of the properties of a metal change when it becomes superconducting and new effects appear which have no equivalent in the former’s normal state. Numerous experiments have clearly shown that a fundamentally new state of the metal is involved.