Show description

The impacts of this increased interaction in the field of Islamic education were pronounced and wide-ranging. 45 At the same time, the increasing dominance of steamship transport in the Indian Ocean also exponentially 42 43 44 45 As will be discussed in chapters 6 and 7, such changes within the pesantren milieu came to produce some dramatic effects that have impacted in significant ways on the development of Indonesian Islam in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. 3 (1995): 173–98.

Over the course of the twentieth century, print came to serve as the medium for the publication of texts in other new genres, including novels, short stories, and modern forms of bureaucratic manuals. The rise of new, modern genres of printed texts was, however, just one of a number of ways in which rapid technological changes of the period were to have pronounced impact upon the very nature of language and textual authority in various Muslim societies. In his pioneering study of modernizing transformations of Islamic legal documents in Ottoman Yemen, Brinkley Messick has demonstrated that the shift from spiral to straight-ruled texts involved more than just matters of graphic stylistics.

Hasbullah, Sejarah Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia (Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 1995), 94– 105. Hans van Miert, “Een Koel Hoofd en een Warm Hart: Nationalisme, Javanisme, en Jeugdbeweging in Nederlands-Indi¨e, 1918–1930” (Leiden University Dissertation, 1995), 41. The later histories of these various organizations developed along diverse trajectories with, for example, Jong Java and the Jong Sumatraten Bond becoming considerably more vocal in their demands in the 1920s. Robert van Niel, The Emergence of the Modern Indonesian State (The Hague: W.