By Belinda Barnet
This ebook explores the heritage of hypertext, an influential idea that kinds the underlying constitution of the area vast net and innumerable software program functions. Barnet tells either the human and the technological tale via weaving jointly modern literature and her specific interviews with these on the leading edge of hypertext innovation, tracing its evolutionary roots again to the analogue desktop imagined by means of Vannevar Bush in 1945.
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Additional resources for Memory Machines: The Evolution of Hypertext
Example text
He decided to feed these specimens through the phylogenetic computer program he uses for his trilobites, to apply the ‘scientific method’ to technical evolution 4 Memory Machines for the first time. As usual, he asked the computer to come up with all the possible evolutionary trees and then make a ‘best guess’ based on the existing specimens. The results were astounding. Compared to the phylogenetic diagram for trilobites, the diagram for a technical artefact seemed much more ‘retroactive’: new designs could borrow ideas from the distant past.
Many of the early analogue computers that followed Bush’s machines were designed to automate existing mathematical equations. This particular machine physically mirrored the equation itself. It incorporated the use of a mechanical ‘integrator’ to record the areas under the curves (and thus the integrals), which was ‘in essence a variable-speed gear, and took the form of a rotating horizontal disk on which a small knife-edged wheel rested. The wheel was driven by friction, and the gear ratio was altered by varying the distance of the wheel from the axis of rotation of the disk’ (Hartree 2000).
It was probably taken some time between 1940 and 1944. Licensed under a Creative Commons License. equations were himself […] [It] was interesting to discuss the subject with him because he had learned the calculus in mechanical terms – a strange approach, and yet he understood it. That is, he did not understand it in any formal sense, he understood the fundamentals; he had it under his skin. (Bush cited in Owens 1991, 24) Watching the Analyzer work did more than just teach people about the calculus.