By Constantin Meis
Gentle and Vacuum provides a synthesis of chosen primary subject matters of electromagnetic wave idea and quantum electrodynamics (QED) and analyzes the most theoretical problems encountered to make sure a coherent mathematical description of the simultaneous wave–particle nature of sunshine, installed facts by way of the experiments. The thought and the function of the quantum vacuum, strongly with regards to gentle, are largely investigated.
Classical electrodynamics issued from Maxwell's equations printed the need of introducing the concept of quantity for an electromagnetic wave to face entailing exact values of cut-off wavelengths to account for the form and dimensions of the encompassing area. Conversely, in QED, gentle is taken into account to be composed of aspect debris brushing off the conceptual query on how the frequency of oscillating electrical and magnetic fields will be attributed to some degree particle.
To conciliate those recommendations, the publication offers a accomplished review of the author's paintings, together with leading edge contributions at the quantization of the vector power amplitude at a unmarried photon country, the non-local simultaneous wave–particle mathematical illustration of the photon and eventually the quantum vacuum. the aim of the complicated embellishments is to elevate questions, provide tricks and solutions, and at last aspire for additional theoretical and experimental reviews so that it will enhance our wisdom and knowing at the actual essence of sunshine and Vacuum.
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Extra resources for LIGHT AND VACUUM. The Wave–Particle Nature of the Light and the Quantum Vacuum through the Coupling of Electromagnetic Theory and Quantum Electrodynamics
Example text
Now, let us consider a different Gauge condition which considerably simplifies the equations. 1), we get a quite important relation between the electric field and the vector potential in the Coulomb Gauge. 15) ∂t The last relation is principally used in classical and quantum electrodynamics to calculate the electric field starting from the vector potential. 4. 2) where θ is a phase parameter. 3) October 9, 2014 8:1 Light and Vacuum 26 9in x 6in b1896-ch03 Light and Vacuum entailing that the wave vector is perpendicular to the vector potential so that the electromagnetic wave is called transverse.
Let us consider the simple case in which the inner walls of the waveguide consists of a homogeneous and isotropic dielectric with fixed values of ε and µ. It is worth noting that a TEM mode can only propagate in the presence of two or more guiding conductors. Consequently, a TEM mode cannot propagate in a hollow waveguide since it is composed of a single conductor. Thus, we give below the components of the electric and magnetic fields of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes satisfying Maxwell’s equations and the boundary conditions, in the case of rectangular and circular waveguides.
1. T Em,n Modes Are characterized by the absence of the electric field component along the propagation axis Ez = 0. 9) Only modes with ω > ωc and λ < λc can propagate in this rectangular waveguide. 2. T Mm,n Components The TM m,n components are characterized by the absence of the magnetic field component along the propagation axis Hz = 0. 15) where n, m are integers (including 0). H0z and E0z are the amplitudes of the magnetic and the electric field respectively along the direction of propagation z.