By Peskin M.
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Example text
The transitions between the latter two clusters are abrupt indeed. Most low-lying nuclear states, including essentially all that we will consider, are below the energy threshold for particle emission and hence de-excite primarily by electromagnetic processes. These are usually y-ray transitions, although electron conversion is an important process. The matrix elements for y-ray transitions often directly give critical nuclear structure information. We will have many occasions later on to discuss such radiation from excited nuclear states.
7. To illustrate the results and get a feeling for the hFig. 7. Universal two-state mixing curves. The one on the left gives the smaller of the two mixing amplitudes, ft, while the curves on the right give the energy shift of each level in units of the unperturbed energy separation. Here the lower curve goes with the upper abscissa scale, while the upper curve goes with the lower scale. 2. Examples of two-state mixing energy shifts and mixing amplitudes (from Eqs. 8). 707, and A£s = V. numbers involved, let us consider a couple of examples.
We shall see that this pattern is easily explained by combining the concepts of independent particle motion, the Pauli principle, and the Coulomb force. We have already seen some other examples of significant nuclear data, namely binding energies as a function of A, separation energies S(n) and S(p) and a couple of examples of level schemes for so-called mirror nuclei. These Fig. 2. Low-lying levels of three doubly magic nuclei. Energies on the right of each line are in MeV. The Nuclear Landscape 31 data were shown early on because they provide basic information on the nuclear force itself, which was already discussed in Chapter 1.