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By Gerold Ambrosius, Christian Henrich-Franke

This publication compares the cross-border integration of infrastructures in Europe corresponding to put up, telecommunication and transportation within the nineteenth century and the interval following the second one international struggle. as well as offering a different point of view at the improvement of cross-border infrastructures and the overseas regimes regulating them, it bargains the 1st systematic comparability of various infrastructure sectors, identifies basic developmental traits and provides theoretical factors. during this regard, integration is outlined as foreign standardization, network building and the institution of overseas agencies to manage cross-border infrastructures.

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There was no longer a superimposed rule or hegemon, but a group of technically equal ‘sovereign’ countries. The settlement agreed at the Congress of Vienna had been based on a multilateral regime of treaties intended to ensure a balance of power or a ‘Concert of Europe’, but the emerging middle classes in particular believed it could no longer guarantee a stable coexistence of constitutional nation-states with increasingly close economic ties. With some countries’ ambitious plans to expand their political power base the strain on international relations increased further.

189–212. , Introduction: epistemic communities and international policy coordination, in: International Organization, 1 (1992), pp. 1–35. ), Linking Networks. The Formation of Common Standards and Visions for Infrastructure Development, London 2014, pp. 95–114. Henrich-Franke, Christian, Gescheiterte Integration im Vergleich: Der Verkehr–ein Problemsektor gemeinsamer Rechtsetzung im Deutschen Reich (1871–1879) und der Europa¨ischen Wirtschaftsgemeinschaft (1958–1972), Stuttgart 2012. 110-129. ), Internationalization of Infrastructures.

The depth of standardisation was rather limited. It was nevertheless necessary even in the nineteenth century to ensure a minimum of interoperability as interconnectivity alone no longer fulfilled the requirements. Connecting separate and technologically different networks using gateway technologies was insufficient when trains had to cross from one national network to another. For this reason technical standards were agreed within an international framework, enabling governments to protect their own national device industry more effectively.

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