By Barry L. Klein
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Polyphonic keyboards have several voices. The circuitry here is complex because of the necessity to prevent "voice jumping" that would occur if a lower note is released while higher keys are still depressed. Most of the circuitry is digital in polyphonic interfaces. Some units contain a microprocessor to allow keyboard splitting, inverting, and note sequence memorization in addition to the standard interface functions. In addition to generating control voltage(s) and timing pulses some synthesizers have velocity-sensitive and/or pressuresensitive keyboards.
3-9. GATE A ribbon controller. F (A) Circuit. AR ENVELOPE J '-,--- (8) Waveforms. Fig. 3-10. 54 An attack-release (AR) envelope generator. 03 IN914 OR SIMILAR GATE AD ENVELOPE Fig. 3-11. J\..... _ _ __ An attack-decay (AD) envelope generator. input causes a pulse to be generated, setting the Q output of the RS flip-flop (4001) high. This I5-volt signal (the CMOS uses a + I5-V power supply) passes through D2 and R3 and charges C3. Op amp A2 buffers the voltage on C3. As this voltage rises above 10 volts, the output of comparator Al will go high (15 volts).
A monophonic keyboard interface for a one-bus keyboard. pressed. Capacitor Cll filters out noise on the bus line. The A2 circuitry acts as a differentiator. Any change in control voltage pulsed through C2 and R8 is amplified by A2. These pulses are input to ICI, which is a one-shot monostable that triggers on a negative input pulse. 5 ms. Op amp A3 acts as a comparator in this circuit. It goes high any time the voltage on the positive input rises above the voltage on the negative input pin (which is set by RI2 and RI5).