By Holger Herbst
This booklet is predicated on a PhD dissertation which was once approved by means of the school of legislations and Economics on the collage of Bern, Switzerland. the information offered have been in part built in a examine undertaking based by way of the Swiss nationwide Sci ence origin in 1993 and 1994. This learn venture used to be fascinated about comparing the applying of database triggers and energetic databases for the im plementation of commercial principles. We famous between different issues the inability of a technique for modeling such company principles at the conceptual point. for this reason, this turned the point of interest of the follow-up examine which led to this booklet. All this paintings shouldn't have been attainable with out assistance from numerous humans. to begin with, i need to offer precise due to my thesis manager Prof. Dr. Gerhard Knolmayer. He not just initiated the examine undertaking and located an in dustry associate, but additionally supplied very worthwhile principles, and seriously reviewed and mentioned the ensuing courses. moreover, i need to specific my because of the second one thesis manager Prof. Dr. Sham Navathe from Georgia In stitute of know-how who inspired my paintings with effects from a former re seek venture and who agreed to judge the ensuing PhD Dissertation.
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Example text
Chapter 3 and Appendix A. 139 SAMOS is an acronym for ~wiss Active Mechanism Based Object-Oriented Database ~stem. 140 Cf. ObjectDesign (1991); Lamb (1991). 141 All event types of SAMOS are described as BNF in Gatziu (1994), pp. 169. 142 Cf. Gatziu (1994), pp. 43. 2. g. by the current month) which leads to the specification of a single point in time. g. 'EVERY DAY 20:30'). • Implicit points in time are not known at the moment of their specification but are related to a system activity. • Relative points in time are specified as (t+x) where t is a point in time and x is a time unit which is called relative time.
69 Cf. March/Simon (1958), p. 41. 68 2. Rules in Organizations and Information Systems - 25- However, formalized rules are important elements of most existing and successful organizations in such a way that they simply have to be regarded as "decisions made in advance of their execution. That is, to the extent that decisions are repetitive, a procedure is worked out in advance of encountering the situation. The virtue of rules is that they eliminate the need for communication between interdependent parties and between superior and subordinate"70.
The first group encompasses among others network management, air traffic control, program trading, computer integrated manufacturing, engineering designl22, and office flow controP23. g. integrity control, access control, derived data handling, definition and application of inheritance mechanisms, alerting, performance measurement, support for inference, and the support of data interchangel24. Especially the support of consistency enforcement is a largely stretched advantage of rules in DBMS, because the implementation of consistency constraints in the application programs leads to following problems l25 : • Larger source code: Beneath the data manipulation all integrity constraints have to be implemented within the application code.