By Barus C.
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Additional resources for Adiabatic Expansion in Case of Vanishing Increments II
Example text
Eq. 17) contains the mass density and Eq. 18) the pressure. Let us assume that the pressure vanishes. 19) can be solved exactly. In terms of F (t) we have 2F F + F 2 + k = 0. 23) = −D/2F 2 . 20): F Write Eq. 28) t(ϕ) = √ (ϕ − 12 sin 2ϕ) , k k D (1 − cos2ϕ) . 29) F (ϕ) = 2k These are the equations for a cycloid. Note that 3(F˙ 2 + k) 3D = 3 . 30) G00 = 2 F F Therefore D is something like the mass density of the universe, hence positive. 31) k = 0 → ϕ infinitesimal . See Fig. 5. All solutions start with a “big bang” at t = 0.
The region x > 0, y > 0 will be identified with the “ordinary world” extending far from our source. The second universe, the region of space-time with x < 0 and y < 0 has the same metric as the first one. It is connected to the first one by something one could call a “wormhole”. The physical significance of this extended region however is very limited, because: 1) “ordinary” stars and planets contain matter (Tµν = 0) within a certain radius r > 2M , so that for them the validity of the Schwarzschild solution stops there.
Now we wish to compute the trajectory of a light ray. It is also a geodesic. Now however ds = 0. 4), but now we set ds/dτ = 0 , so that Eq. 5) becomes 0 = 1− 2M 2M ˙2 t − 1− r r −1 r˙ 2 − r 2 θ˙ 2 + sin2 θ ϕ˙ 2 . 28) Since now the parameter τ is determined up to an arbitrary multiplicative constant, only the ratio J/E will be relevant. Call this j. Then Eq. 15) becomes u ϕ = ϕ0 + u0 du j −2 − u2 + 2M u3 1 −2 . 29) As the left hand side of Eq. 13) must now be replaced by zero, Eq. 18) becomes u + u = 3M u2 .