By Isam al-Khafaji
Read Online or Download Tormented Births: Passages to Modernity in Europe and the Middle East PDF
Similar europe books
The Times Illustrated History of Europe
Иллюстрации и полноцветные карты Оксфордского историка Fernandez-Armesto, являются захватывающим сопутствующим материалом к Атласу Европейской Истории. Автор прослеживает культурное, социальное, и политическое развитие Европы от его происхождения (10,000 до н. э. ) до настоящего момента. -Illustrations and full-color maps, this most up-to-date paintings from Oxford historian Fernandez-Armesto, editor of the days consultant to the Peoples of Europe, is an interesting better half quantity to the days Atlas of ecu historical past. the writer strains the cultural, social, and political evolution of Europe from its origins (c. 10,000 B. C. ) to the current day. --
Примеры страниц:
From Muslim to Christian Granada: Inventing a City's Past in Early Modern Spain
In 1492, Granada, the final autonomous Muslim urban at the Iberian Peninsula, fell to the Catholic forces of Ferdinand and Isabella. A century later, in 1595, treasure hunters unearthed a few curious lead capsules inscribed in Arabic. The pills documented the evangelization of Granada within the first century A.
Mineral and Thermal Waters of Southeastern Europe
This ebook brings jointly the most recent findings on mineral and thermal waters from international locations in Southeastern (SE) Europe (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Romania and Bulgaria). every one bankruptcy is devoted to the latest geochemical and hydrogeological investigations for a particular nation in SE Europe, assisting readers to appreciate the origins and purposes of mineral and thermal waters – features that are of serious value for the industrial improvement of this area, as those waters are renewable assets, and feature been gaining in recognition over the past few many years.
- Crimean Tatars (Studies of nationalities in the USSR)
- Manors and Markets: Economy and Society in the Low Countries 500-1600
- The Export Guide to Europe 1986/87
- The Waste Market: Institutional Developments in Europe
- State of the Union 2010: Schuman Report on Europe
Extra info for Tormented Births: Passages to Modernity in Europe and the Middle East
Sample text
Thus Ibn Hadhdhal of I’niza bedouin tribe acquired gardens and land on the Upper Euphrates, Farhan of the Shammar Jarba was granted a tapu sanad (property title) on part of the tribal dirah of Shammar at Shirgat, the Sheikh of Cha’ab was granted land on the Shatt-al-Arab. In Muntafig, Madhat Pasha authorized Nasir Pasha al-Sa’dun, his nominee chieftain of the tribal confederation of al-Muntafig, whom he had appointed as liwa governor (Mutasarrif) of the district to have the major part of the tribal land of the Muntafig Confederation registered in his name and in the names of various members of his family; and granted large estates to his Christian clerk Naoum Serkis, to his Jewish banker Mr.
27 The eastern part of Iraqi Kurdistan had to wait until around the 1830s for the Ottoman-Persian wars to end in order that its land structure take its final shape. But even before that, tribal ties assured that Aghas (Kurdish chiefs of tribes) would subjugate their tribe members or non-tribal Kurds to semi-serf conditions. Clauclius Rich cites a Mahmoud Agha from the war-tom Sulaimaniyya province as saying: “The want of security in our possession is the sole ruin of the country. While we tribesmen are not sure of holding our estates, we never will addict ourselves to agriculture; and until we do, the country can never prosper.
It seems that this form, which could be conceivably viewed as largeestate formation par excellence, only held in relatively secure areas. Thus in the case of Damascus and its valley region a number of families received several villages as ma/ikane and held them for several generations (Gerber 1987: 54). But apart from Damascus, landlordism was an entrenched’phenomenon in the Hamah region north of Damascus even in the early nineteenth century. In 1834, the Russian traveler Peotr Lvov described Syrian peasants as “semi-slaves” who had to pay landowners most of their produce in exchange for the right to use the land (Lvov 1993: 288).