Download Noise-Induced Phenomena in Slow-Fast Dynamical Systems: A by Nils Berglund PDF

By Nils Berglund

Stochastic Differential Equations became more and more vital in modelling complicated structures in physics, chemistry, biology, climatology and different fields.В This booklet examines and offers platforms for practitioners to take advantage of, and offers a few case reviews to teach how they could paintings in perform.

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Additional info for Noise-Induced Phenomena in Slow-Fast Dynamical Systems: A Sample-Paths Approach (Probability and Its Applications)

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We shall sketch the proof in the case of a two-dimensional fast variable x ∈ R 2 . Let n(θ, y) be the outward unit normal vector to the periodic orbit at the point Γ (θ, y). In a neighbourhood of the periodic orbit, the dynamics can be described by coordinates (θ, r) such that x = Γ (θ, y) + r n(θ, y) . 10) On the one hand, we have where A(θ, y) = ∂x f (Γ (θ, y), y). 9) and using the equation for y. 3): 1 + bθ (θ, r, y, ε) , T (y) εr˙ = fr (θ, r, y, ε) , y˙ = g(Γ (θ, y) + r n(θ, y), y) . 11) The functions bθ and fr can be computed explicitly in terms of A, Γ , n, and their derivatives with respect to y.

3. 29) ¯(y, ε) where ∂yy U (y) denotes the Hessian matrix of U . The dynamics of x = x on the adiabatic manifold is thus governed by the equation y−x ε ¯(y, ε)∇U (x) = −∂y x x˙ = = − 1l + ε∂xx U (x) + O(ε2 ) ∇U (x) . 30) This is indeed a small correction to the limiting equation x˙ = −∇U (x). One should note two facts concerning the power-series expansion of adiabatic manifolds, in the case where the fast and slow vector fields f and g are analytic. First, centre manifolds are in general not unique.

1 Slow Manifolds 19 for all y ∈ D0 . 1). Let A (y) = ∂x f (x (y), y) denote the stability matrix of the associated system at x (y). The slow manifold M is called hyperbolic if all eigenvalues of A (y) have nonzero real parts for all y ∈ D0 ; • uniformly hyperbolic if all eigenvalues of A (y) have real parts which are uniformly bounded away from zero for y ∈ D0 ; • asymptotically stable if all eigenvalues of A (y) have negative real parts for all y ∈ D0 ; • uniformly asymptotically stable if all eigenvalues of A (y) have negative real parts which are uniformly bounded away from zero for y ∈ D0 .

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