By Rodrigo Valenzuela Baez
Lipids (fats and oils) are a variety of natural molecules that serve numerous features in organisms. Lipids are crucial parts of our vitamin, highlighting their vital contribution in power, representing nine kcal/g (or 37.7 kJ/g), and by means of a few elements suitable to the metabolism, akin to crucial fatty acids, fats soluble supplements and sterols (cholesterol and phytosterols). along with this, lipids have key roles in human development and improvement, in addition to selling, combating and/or engaging within the foundation or ultimately within the remedy of assorted illnesses. This e-book provides a scientific and finished evaluate concerning the constitution and metabolism of lipids, relatively highlighting the significance of those molecules within the physique and contemplating the curiosity of a few lipids in health and wellbeing and disorder.
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Additional info for Lipid Metabolism
Sample text
The loss of membrane fluidity in hepatic tissue has been reported and suggested to be caused by changes in the composition of unsaturated fatty acids and triacylglycerols of fatty acids (48). Other observed changes in membrane lipids associated with copper deficiency include a decreased ratio of monounsaturated:saturated C16 and C18 fatty acids in adipose tissue and a decreased fatty acid desaturase activity in liver microsomes (52). Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis may also be affected, as choline phosphotransferase activity levels are lower both in the heart and liver tissue in copper deficient rats (53).
In addition, low copper levels were detected in organs, plasma and tissue of 42 Lipid Metabolism patients with several chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, central nervous system, and musculoskeletal disorders (25). In fact, it was suggested that an ischemic heart disease could be largely attributed to copper deficiency (26), and that Cu deficiency and the high sugar consumption characteristic in the Western diet may interact in CVD (27). In a rat model, copper deficiency that reduces plasma levels of copper and ceruloplasmin also reduces copper content of the heart, liver, and testes.
Proteins that bind Fe2+ have a different action: thus, ferritin has a pro-oxidant capacity, while hemosiderin and lactoferrin are antioxidants. Bilirubin, resulting from the metabolism of hemoglobin, as transition metal ions, causes alterations in the membrane structure by initiating PUFA peroxidation. Bilirubin crosses the blood-brain barrier, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation and decreases AMPc and GSH concentration. Thus, the encephalopathy caused by intense hemolytic jaundice in neonates is correlated with elevated levels of bilirubin, blood lipid peroxides and GSH decrease.