Download Introduction to Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy, Second by Michiel Mueller PDF

By Michiel Mueller

This ebook presents a entire account of the speculation of photograph formation in a confocal fluorescence microscope in addition to a realistic guide to the operation of the software, its barriers, and the translation of confocal microscopy facts. The appendices offer a short connection with optical thought, microscopy-related formulation and definitions, and Fourier theory.

Contents

- Symbols and abbreviations
- Preface
- Confocal fluorescence microscopy
- Implementation
- useful limits
- Digitization
- Miscellaneous topics
- Appendix A: parts of optical theory
- Appendix B: formulation, kinfolk and definitions
- Appendix C: Fourier theory
- Bibliography
- Index

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Extra resources for Introduction to Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy, Second Edition

Example text

The same mirror de-scans the generated fluorescence, which then passes the detection pinhole (or pattern) D, placed in an optically conjugate plane with S, to provide confocal sectioning. Lens L2 subsequently images this detection pinhole onto a CCD camera. The confocal image is generated by scanning the fluorescence over the camera with the help of the other side of the scan mirror M. The optical system is designed so that the respective mirror surfaces of M are located in conjugate planes of the pupil planes of the objective and lenses L1 and L2 , respectively (detailed imaging configuration not shown).

Type Chromatic Spherical Achromat Apochromat fluorite, Fluor, FL, Fluar, Fluotar 2 (C, F) 3 (C, e, F) 2 (C, F) 1 (e) 2 2 Correction for field curvature is denoted by: Plan, PL, EF, Acroplan, PlanApo, Plano (corrected for two wavelengths, blue and red) or “apochro” (corrected for three wavelengths, blue, green, and red). 3 nm, red). In fact, the definition of an apochromat is much stricter than the chromatic compensation for three wavelengths and goes back to Abbé: an objective corrected parfocally for three widely spaced wavelengths and corrected for spherical aberration and coma for two widely spaced wavelengths.

The same set of pinholes provides the confocal sectioning for the reflected light (or fluorescence, Fig. 3). By spinning the disk, the spot pattern is scanned over the specimen. The pinhole size and the distance between pinholes must be selected carefully to avoid cross-talk and consequent loss in confocal sectioning [Corle and Kino, 1996]. , 1995]), as in commercial Nipkow disk-based systems, has solved the problem of light efficiency for excitation, which made the original systems not very suitable for confocal fluorescence microscopy.

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