By Marc Bloch
Feudal Society discusses the commercial and social stipulations during which feudalism constructed supplying a deep figuring out of the approaches at paintings in medieval Europe.
summary: Feudal Society discusses the commercial and social stipulations during which feudalism constructed delivering a deep realizing of the approaches at paintings in medieval Europe
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Additional resources for Feudal Society, Vol 1 : Vol 1: The Growth and Ties of Dependence
Sample text
From this time onward, scarcely a year passed in which the annals of monasteries in Italy and Germany, and soon afterwards Gaul, did not record, sometimes of one province, sometimes of another: ‘ravages by the Hungarians’. Northern Italy, Bavaria and Swabia were especially afflicted; all the region on the right bank of the Enns, where the Carolingians had established frontier commands and distributed lands to their abbeys, had to be abandoned. But the raids extended well beyond these limits. The radius covered would confound one’s imagination, if one did not take into account the fact that the long pastoral journeys to which the Hungarians were formerly accustomed in the open steppe and which they continued to practise in the more restricted circle of the Danubianpuszta had been a wonderful apprenticeship.
Initiated in the royal houses by marriages in which the desire for rapprochement was manifest, the work of conversion was actively carried on by the Bavarian clergy. Bishop Pilgrim in particular, who from 971 to 999 occupied the see of Passau, made this his concern. He conceived of Passau as playing for the Hungarians the same rôle of missionary metropolis as Magdeburg was to play for the Slavs beyond the Elbe, and Bremen for the Scandinavian peoples. Unfortunately, unlike Magdeburg and Bremen, Passau was only a simple bishopric, a suffragan diocese of Salzburg.
The latter, soon to acquire the name of the eastern command—Ostarrichi, from which Austria is derived— reached the forest of Vienna as early as the end of the tenth century, and the Leitha and Morava towards the middle of the eleventh. Brilliant though it was and despite its resounding moral effect, an isolated feat of arms like the battle of the Lechfeld would clearly not have sufficed to put an end to the raids. The Hungarians, whose own territory had not been touched, were far from having undergone such a crushing defeat as the Avars had earlier at the hands of Charlemagne.