By Denys Hay Longman Pub Group
First released in 1966, this has been general as a customary advent to overdue medieval eu heritage through the educational international. The textual content has been thoroughly revised and up-to-date and goals to supply a accomplished analytical survey of later medieval Europe. It explores key topics similar to the secular and spiritual roles of the Church; early Renaissance in Italy; and the cohesive results of inter-European trade. This variation contains a longer bibliography and a bankruptcy at the crucial monarchies by means of Professor J.M.Bak of the collage of British Columbia at Vancouver. Designed for all scholars learning medieval heritage, even if at college or 6th shape, it's going to even be simply obtainable to the lay fanatic.
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Extra resources for Europe in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries (Countries in Crisis)
Sample text
1194) and in the Golden Bull (1222) in which Andrew II of Hungary granted away massive privileges to the same groups; but in eastern Europe these developments were obscured for a while by the Mongol invasions of the mid-thirteenth century, which also over whelmed Kievan Russia. Properly to understand the varieties of political activity in the later Middle Ages these earlier experiences should be studied and remembered. It is also necessary to examine the main social groups whose ambitions conditioned public life.
First, it is evident that these agrarian risings mainly originated in the richer lands and that the leaders were the prosperous rather than the poorer el ements in rural society. Questions of status, the dislike of the juridi cal nature of villeinage and envy of the privileged quality of the gentleman and the priest, were likely to weigh most heavily with the richer peasants. Second, an anticlerical sentiment existed throughout Europe, fortified by dislike of paying tithes and by the poor quality of the average parish priest, which was touched off by the heretical and near-heretical doctrines of the Lollards and field preachers now commonly to be found throughout western Europe (see Chapter 12).
There is no doubt that these movements represented a new 38 The peasants: population trends awareness of social differences. Important as it is in discussing re volutionary movements in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries (as indeed in the eighteenth and the twentieth) to scrutinize carefully the precise local occasions of conflict and to avoid gen eralizations which obscure the multiplicity of irritations and vested interests involved in each moment of crisis, there are nevertheless certain common features to be discerned.