By Cihan Tepedelenlioglu, Adithya Rajan, Yuan Zhang
Stochastic orders are binary family outlined on likelihood distributions which trap intuitive notions like being better or being extra variable. This paper introduces stochastic ordering of prompt SNRs of fading channels as a device to check the functionality of communique structures over diverse channels. Stochastic orders unify current functionality metrics equivalent to ergodic capability, and metrics in response to errors fee capabilities for popular modulation schemes via their relation with convex, and entirely monotonic (c.m.) features. towards this target, functionality metrics resembling instant blunders premiums of M-QAM and M-PSK modulations are proven to be c.m. services of the instant SNR, whereas metrics comparable to the immediate potential are noticeable to have a totally monotonic by-product (c.m.d.). it truly is proven that the widely used parametric fading distributions for modeling line of sight (LoS), show a monotonicity within the LoS parameter with admire to the stochastic Laplace rework order. utilizing stochastic orders, standard functionality of platforms regarding a number of random variables are in comparison over diversified channels, even if closed shape expressions for such averages should not tractable. those comprise variety combining schemes, relay networks, and sign detection over fading channels with non-Gaussian additive noise, that are investigated herein. Simulations also are supplied to corroborate our effects.
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The title slide (Figure 7-1) makes it crystal clear that audience members should expect to see a robust, ten-year projection of US mail volumes (and hopefully not much more). The overall architecture of the presentation is as follows:8 • Act I: Objectives and approach • Act II: Results (and benchmarks from other global posts) • Act III: Implications Figure 7-2: BCG’s USPS presentation slide #1 Slide #2 (Figure 7-3) outlines the overall objective of projecting base case mail volumes to 2020. The approach BCG used is typical of best-practice strategy consulting engagements and includes quantitative and qualitative insights gleaned from internal and external sources.
At least as I type these words, the McKinsey forecast is, if anything, highly conservative. Said another way, the complication facing the United States Postal Service is truly catastrophic. Here, at the end of Act II of our strategic story, our protagonist, USPS profitability, teeters precariously at the edge of a cliff. The recommendations the organization chooses to apply from the upcoming resolution section have existential consequences; in order to survive, the USPS needs to fundamentally change how it makes and spends money.
Said another way, the complication facing the United States Postal Service is truly catastrophic. Here, at the end of Act II of our strategic story, our protagonist, USPS profitability, teeters precariously at the edge of a cliff. The recommendations the organization chooses to apply from the upcoming resolution section have existential consequences; in order to survive, the USPS needs to fundamentally change how it makes and spends money. In Act I, the USPS – our hero – was struggling with financial losses stemming from e-Diversion, recession, retirement health benefit funding, and limited flexibility in reducing costs.